Abstract: In order to systematically elucidate the structural characteristics and compositional traits of functional feeding groups (FFGs) within the macroinvertebrate community, intensive field sampling surveys were conducted across representative typical urban river stretches in Harbin during mid-to-late August 2021. The investigation covered 12 sampling sites across the Yinshuiwan River, the Fasheng Canal, the Sipai Canal, and the Zhaolan New River basins. During these surveys, both the macroinvertebrate community and relevant aquatic environmental factors were collected and analyzed. The results indicated that a total of 1 089 macroinvertebrate specimens were collected from the four urban rivers, belonging to 54 species or genera, 35 families, 15 orders, and 4 phyla. The dominant taxa were identified as Parafossarulus striatulus (Y=0.06), Palaemonetes sinensis (Y=0.16), and an unidentified species of the family Corixidae sp. (Y=0.06). A total of five functional feeding groups (FFGs) of macroinvertebrates were identified: predators, collector-gatherers, scrapers, filter-collectors, and shredders, comprising 20, 13, 12, 5, and 4 species (or genera), respectively. Their relative abundances were 37.04%, 24.07%, 22.22%, 9.26%, and 7.40%, respectively. The results of the Spearman correlation analysis indicated that total phosphorus was the primary aquatic environmental factor influencing the functional feeding groups of macroinvertebrates. In contrast, water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, sampling depth, and total nitrogen were identified as the main drivers affecting ecosystem functions. The outcomes of this study not only deepen our understanding of urban river ecosystems but also establish a robust scientific foundation for evaluating the current status and trends of aquatic biodiversity, thereby guiding the strategic planning and effective implementation of ecological restoration initiatives within the complex urban watershed of Harbin.