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1980—2023年辽河口鸻鹬类水鸟栖息地质量时空变化

Spatial-temporal changes of shorebird habitat quality in the Liaohe River estuary from 1980 to 2023

  • 摘要: 辽河口湿地是东亚−澳大利西亚候鸟迁徙路线上鸻鹬类水鸟的重要停歇地。过去几十年湿地围垦导致滨海湿地受到严重干扰,对鸻鹬类水鸟栖息地面积和质量造成重大影响。基于1980—2023年的遥感影像数据,利用InVEST模型中的栖息地质量模块和景观格局指数,分析了辽河口鸻鹬类水鸟栖息地质量和面积的时空变化特征。研究结果表明,1980—2023年,鸻鹬类水鸟栖息地面积和质量显著下降,栖息地平均斑块面积和聚合度指数下降,斑块密度上升,空间变化较大的区域主要位于沿海湿地。1980—2015年(退养还湿前),栖息地质量、面积、平均斑块面积、聚合度指数呈下降趋势,斑块密度呈上升趋势,2015—2023年(退养还湿后),栖息地各项指标变化规律则相反,反映了禁止围垦湿地,持续开展湿地修复行动的重要性。

     

    Abstract: Coastal wetlands in the Liaohe River estuary provide important stopover sites for shorebirds along the East Asian-Australasian Flyway routine. Land reclamation has disturbed natural wetlands along coastal region in the Liaohe River estuary in the last few decades and how it impacts on the quality and area of shorebird habitat was not clear. We used the habitat quality module of InVEST model and landscape pattern indices to analyze the spatial-temporal changes in habitat quality and area based on the remote images during last 40 years along the coastal wetland in the Liaohe River estuary. The quality and area of shorebird habitat declined obviously, the mean patch area and the aggregation index of shorebird habitat declined, and the patch density of shorebird habitat increased from 1980 to 2023. The spatial regions of habitat change mainly distributed in coastal wetlands. Comparing the difference between before and after of the impact of returning aquaculture to natural wetlands on shorebird habitat, the habitat quality, habitat area, mean patch area and aggregation index of shorebird habitat significantly decreased, and the patch density increased from 1980 to 2015. In contrast, these indices had inverse change characteristics from 2015 to 2023. It is important to prohibit wetland reclamation and continuously conduct conservation and restoration actions.

     

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