Abstract: From May to November 2022, a comprehensive monitoring of zooplankton and water environmental factors in the Xiaoxingkai Lake was conducted to investigate the relationship between zooplankton abundance and water environmental factors. Additionally, the trophic state of the water was assessed using the comprehensive trophic level index method. The results indicated significant seasonal variations in zooplankton abundance, with the highest abundance observed in spring, followed by summer, autumn, and winter. The trophic level index was highest in the area significantly influenced by human activities (Management Committee area), whereas the lake center, with minimal human impact, exhibited the lowest trophic level index. Seasonal variations in the comprehensive trophic level index were observed, ranked from highest to lowest as autumn, summer, spring, and winter. The overall trophic level index for the Xiaoxingkai Lake was 49.96, categorizing the lake as mesotrophic. Pearson correlation analysis and redundancy analysis revealed that the primary environmental factors influencing zooplankton abundance in spring and summer were total phosphorus concentration, water transparency, temperature, total nitrogen concentration, and turbidity. In autumn, the key factors were chloride concentration, pH, chlorophyll-a concentration, water transparency, and turbidity, while in winter, chlorophyll-a concentration was the dominant factor. There were significant differences in the correlations between the abundance of different types of zooplankton and environmental factors.