Abstract: It is of great significance to explore the characteristics of plankton community structure in the tidal channels of the Yellow River Delta for assessing the ecosystem health of the tidal flat wetlands. In April 2021, two tidal channel networks affected by different human activities in the Yellow River Delta were selected to carry out the field survey of plankton, and the distribution characteristics and influencing factors of phytoplankton and zooplankton were analyzed. The results showed that there were 45 species of phytoplankton in the tidal channel network of the Yellow River Delta, belonging to 3 phyla and 36 genera, among which the diatoms and dinoflagellates were predominant. There were 22 species of zooplankton, mainly belong to copepods and larva. The diversity analysis showed that the diversity, evenness and abundance of phytoplankton and zooplankton were at a high level. The synchronization analysis showed that the zooplankton in the tidal channel network had higher synchronization than phytoplankton. The correlation analysis showed that plankton community diversity was not significantly correlated with water environmental factors, but the community biodensity was positively correlated with electrical resistivity and redox potential, and negatively correlated with salinity, specific conductance and total dissolved solids.