Abstract: In March and September 2022, shrimp resources were investigated in six mangrove wetlands in Guangdong area in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, and the composition and diversity of shrimp communities in the region were analyzed by species relative importance index, biodiversity index, species similarity index and multivariate statistical analysis. The results showed that the 8 357 shrimps collected belonged to 37 species, 9 families and 2 orders, among which the dominant species in spring were Upogebia carinicauda, Metapenaeus ensis, Parapenaeopsis hardwickii, Litopenaeus vannamei and Fenneropenaeus penicillatus, while in autumn were Upogebia carinicauda, Metapenaeus ensis and Parapenaeopsis hardwickii. The average number of shrimp caught in the six mangrove wetlands in the two seasons ranged from 237~1 508, with the biggest number from the Jiangmen Zhenhai Bay Mangrove Wetland Park, and the smallest number from the Zhongshan Cuiheng National Wetland Park. The average fresh mass of shrimp was 1 315.2~8 188.4 g, among which mass from the Jiangmen Zhenhai Bay Mangrove Wetland Park was the largest, and the Guangzhou Nansha Wetland Park was the smallest. The average number of shrimp species was 9~26 species, with the Jiangmen Zhenhai Bay Mangrove Wetland Park having the most species, and the Guangzhou Nansha Wetland Park the least. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index was 1.583~2.669, with the Huizhou Huidong Mangrove Nature Reserve, the Jiangmen Bay Mangrove Wetland Park as the highest, and the Guangzhou Nansha Wetland Park as the lowest. The Margalef species richness index of 1.193~3.010 was obtained, with the Jiangmen Zhenhai Bay Mangrove Wetland Park as the highest, the Zhongshan Cuiheng National Wetland Park as the lowest. The Pielou evenness index was 0.740~0.923, the Huizhou Huidong Mangrove Nature Reserve as the top, and the Guangzhou Nansha Wetland Park at the bottom. The composition, abundance and species diversity index of shrimp in the same mangrove wetland did not differ much between spring and autumn. The results of cluster analysis showed that the shrimp communities in four large mangrove wetlands, namely Jiangmen Zhenwan Mangrove Wetland Park, Huizhou Huidong Mangrove Nature Reserve, Zhuhai Qi'ao Island Mangrove Nature Reserve, and Shenzhen Futian Mangrove National Nature Reserve, were classified into the same group. The shrimp communities in the two smaller mangrove wetlands, the Guangzhou Nansha Wetland Park and the Zhongshan Cuiheng National Wetland Park, were of the other group. The similarity analysis test (One-Way ANOSIM) further revealed the significant differences in shrimp community structure between the two groups of mangrove wetlands (Global R=0.879, p=0.002). BIOENV analysis showed that chlorophyll a content, dissolved oxygen content, pH and mangrove area were important environmental factors affecting shrimp abundance (ρ=0.877), and mangrove area had the greatest impact on shrimp abundance.