Abstract: To comprehend the composition of plankton community in the Qingtu Lake wetland and its correlation with environmental factors, 14 sampling points were set up for plankton surveys in May (spring), August (summer), and November (autumn) 2021. The results showed that a total of 114 species of phytoplankton were identified from 64 genera and 7 phyla, predominantly consisting of bacillariophyta (57.02%) and chlorophyta (24.56%). The prevailing species throughout the year were Navicula radiosa, Navicula gregaria, Synedra acus and Synedra ulna. And 48 species of zooplankton were identified from 37 genera and 5 categories, with rotifers (50%) and protozoa (33.33%) being the predominant groups, and rotifers being the primary dominant group. The abundance and biomass of plankton exhibited substantial seasonal fluctuations. The annual average abundance and biomass of phytoplankton were 5.88×10³ ind./L, and 2.52×10⁻² mg/L, respectively, with both peaking in summer. The annual average abundance and biomass of zooplankton were 34.87 ind./L and 21.24×10⁻² mg/L, with peaking in autumn and summer, respectively. The results of the comprehensive assessment using Shannon-Wiener diversity index, Margalef richness index, and Pielou evenness index indicated that the water quality of the Qingtu Lake was classified as unpolluted to moderately polluted. Redundancy analysis indicated that the primary environmental factors influencing the distribution of phytoplankton communities were the levels of dissolved oxygen, ammonia nitrogen, pH, and total nitrogen. The key environmental factors influencing the distribution of zooplankton communities were the levels of dissolved oxygen, total nitrogen, conductivity, and ammonia nitrogen. Ecological water transport is an effective measure to maintain plankton diversity in the Qingtu Lake wetland, and the research results can provide data support for ecological restoration and early warning of monitoring in the Qingtu Lake wetland.